Did Nietzsche"s denial of god's existence (in the 19th cent.) stimulate similar thought in various areas?

The so-called "four horsemen of the apocalypse" (the forerunners of the end-of-time era), Darwin, freud, marx (karl), and einshtein all tried to explain the world's history and working WITHOUT GOD. (Not necessarily in an atheist way, but still---without referring to god's existence.)